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HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 11 Lesson 1 Peace and Conflict

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 11 Lesson 1 Peace and Conflict 

Situations of conflict

Maya Angelou, an American poet, songwriter, playwright, film director and autobiographer was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on 4 April, 1928. She spent much of her childhood in Stamps, Arkansas, with her paternal grandmother. When she was eight, she became a victim of abuse by someone close to her mother. The experience left her traumatized, and for several years, she could not speak. In 1940. Angelou moved to San Francisco, and then to New York, where she began her literary Maya Angelou had a remarkable range of interests and careers. She was a dancer, a singer and an editor. In addition, she also acted on stage and in the film. But writing was what she enjoyed most. She was a popular poet praised for the way she incorporated social and political themes in her poems without compromising their poetic and stylistic qualities. She wrote her poems in a language that is known as the Black vernacular, a language the black people in America use in their everyday life. Her poems often deal with serious matters but they also use humour and give out hope. Angelou's experience of racial discrimination in her childhood and her involvement in civil right movement in the 1960s made her a committed campaigner for human rights, social justice and peace. She died on 28 May, 2014 at the age of 86.

Answer the following questions.  

(1) What is Black vernacular?  

Answer. Black Vernacular is a dialect used by the black people in America in their day to day life.  

(2) Why was she praised? 

Answer. She was praised for Incorporating social and political themes in her poems without compromising their poetic and stylistic qualities.  

(3) How was Angelou as a poet? What language did she use in her poems?

Answer. As a poet, Angelou was very popular. She used Black vernacular to write her poems.

 (4) Where did Maya Angelou spend much of her childhood and with whom?

Answer. Maya Angelou spent much of her childhood in Stamps. Arkansas, with her paternal grandmother.  

 (5) When did she shift to San Francisco? Where did her literary career start? 

Answer. She shifted to San Francisco in the year 1940. Her literary career started in New York.  

(6) What left her traumatized? What was the effect of that trauma?

Answer. Being abused at the age of 8 by someone close to her mother left her traumatized. That trauma had a very severe effect on her. She could not speak for several years.  

 (7) What was Maya Angelou? Which century did she breathe her last? 

Answer. Maya Angelou was an an American poet, songwriter, playwright. film director and autobiographer. She breathed her last in the 21st century.  

(8) What made Angelou fight for human rights, social justice and peace? 

Answer. Angelou's experience of racial inequity during her childhood and her Involvement in civil right movement in the 1960s made her fight for human rights, social justice and peace.  

(9) What are the themes of her poems? Write in brief. 

Answer. Her poems often deal with serious matters. However, these poems are humorous and inspiring as well.  

(10) She had "a remarkable range of interests and careers", Elucidate the statement.

Answer. The statement puts light onto the diversity of Angelou's passion and professional life. She was a dancer, a singer and an editor. She also acted on stage an in many films. However, writing was close to heart.

দ্বন্দ্ব সংঘাত 

মায়া অ্যাঞ্জেলো, একজন আমেরিকান কবি, গীতিকার, নাট্যকার, চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক এবং আত্মজীবনীকার, ১৯৯৮ সালের ৪ এপ্রিল মিসৌরির সেন্ট লুইতে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি শৈশবের অধিকাংশ সময় তার দাদির সাথে আরকানসাসের স্ট্যামসে (Stamps) কাটান। আট বছর বয়সে তিনি তার মায়ের ঘনিষ্ঠ কারো দ্বারা নির্যাতনের শিকার হন। অভিজ্ঞতাটি তাকে ভীষণ পীড়া দেয় এবং বেশ কয়েক বছর তিনি কথা বলতে পারেননি। অ্যাঞ্জেলো ১৯৪০ সালে সান ফ্রানসিসকো এবং তারপর নিউ ইয়র্কে চলে যান, যেখানে তিনি তার সাহিত্যিক জীবন শুরু করেন।
মায়া অ্যাঞ্জেলোর ভালোলাগা আর ক্যারিয়ারের পরিসর উল্লেখযোগ্য ছিল। তিনি নৃত্যশিল্পী, গায়িকা এবং সম্পাদক ছিলেন। এছাড়াও তিনি মঞ্চ এবং চলচ্চিত্রে অভিনয় করতেন। তবে তিনি লেখালেখিই বেশি উপভোগ করতেন। তিনি জনপ্রিয় কবি ছিলেন, যেভাবে তিনি তার কবিতায় সামাজিক ও রাজনৈতিক বিষয়গুলো অন্তর্ভুক্ত করেছিলেন এগুলোর কাব্যিক এবং শৈলীগত গুণাবলির সাথে আপোস না করে, এর কারণে তিনি প্রশংসিত। তিনি কবিতা লিখতেন এমন এক ভাষায় যা কালো আঞ্চলিক ভাষা হিসেবে পরিচিত, যে ভাষা আমেরিকার কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ মানুষ তাদের দৈনন্দিন জীবনে ব্যবহার করে। তার কবিতার বিষয়বস্তু গুরুতর হলেও এগুলো হাস্যরসের মাধ্যমে আশার উন্মেষ ঘটায়। শৈশবে অ্যাঞ্জেলোর জাতিগত বৈষম্যের অভিজ্ঞতা এবং ১৯৬০-এর দশকে নাগরিক অধিকার আন্দোলনে সম্পৃক্ততা তাকে মানবাধিকার, সামাজিক ন্যায় বিচার ও শান্তির প্রচারক করে তোলে। তিনি ৮৬ বছর বয়সে ২০১৪ সালের ২৮ মে মৃত্যুবরণ করেন।


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