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HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 5 Lesson 1 Human Rights

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 5 Lesson 1 Human Rights

Are We Aware of These Rights -1

Articles of the Declarations of Human Rights

Article 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home of correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference of attacks.

Article 14. (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. 

Article 15. (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.

(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. 

Article 16. (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family, 

(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

 Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. 

Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference.

Article 20. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

Article 21. (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

(2) Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.

(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government.

Article 25: (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of oneself and of one's family, including food, clothing. housing and medical care and necessary social services, 

(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the sane social protection. 

Article 26: (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental! stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory, Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible all on the basis of merit. 

(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance o peace. 

(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

Answer the following questions. 

(1) What is the natural and fundamental group unit of society? How does a person found  this? 

Answer. Family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society. A person founds this through marriage.   

(2) How can one take part in the government of one's country? Which article of the constitution gives us this right?  

Answer. One can take part in the government of one's country directly or through freely chosen representatives. Article 21(1) of the constitution gives us this right. 

(3) Which Article of Bangladesh Constitution ensures the freedom of opinion and expression?  

Answer. Article 19 of Bangladesh Constitution ensures the freedom of opinion and expression.

(4) What is the significance of Article 21 (1)?  

Answer. Article 21 (1) puts light onto the role of every citizen where they can participate in the government of the country.  

(5) What does Article 20 (2) imply?  

Answer. Article 20 (2) implies that everyone has the right to belong to an association. Nobody can compel him to be out of it.  

(6) Which article of the constitution denotes the right to equal access to public service in our country?  

Answer. Article 21(2) of the constitution denotes that we have the right to equal access to public service in our country.  

(7) What does Article 16 (2) say?

Answer. Article 16 (2) says that marriage shall take place with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.    

(8) What do you mean by freedom of speech?

Answer. Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction.    

(9) What is the idea of a family according to our constitution, article 16(3)? What is it entitled to?  

Answer. According to article. 16(3) of our constitution, family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society. It is entitled to protection by society and the State.  

(10) Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. What are such interferences or attacks?

Answer. Such interferences or attacks are arbitrary interference with one's privacy, family, home or correspondence, or attacks upon one's honour and reputation.  

(11) Which article describes the right to freedom of opinion and expression? What does it  say?  

Answer. Article 19 describes the right to freedom of opinion and expression. It says that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. This right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference.  

(12) What is the main point of Article 20 of our constitution? Describe in brief.  

Answer. The main point of Article 20 of our constitution is that everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association, and no one may be compelled to belong to an association.  

(13) What does Article 12 say?  

Answer. Article 12 calls for security of a citizen and prohibits the interference or attacks as every person the right to the protection of the law.  

(14) Explain the right to marriage with reference to article 16 (1 & 2). What is the condition of marriage?  

Answer. Men and women of full age have the right to marry without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

(15) What does Article 14 (1) signify? 

Answer. Article 14 (1) signifies the right of a person to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.   

(16) What is the importance of Article 18?  

Answer. Article 18 ensures secularity. It eliminates the interfaith tensions and prohibits the abuse of religion for political purposes and any discrimination against, or persecution of, persons practicing a particular religion.  

(17) Which article describes the right to religion? What does it say?  

Answer. Article 18 describes the right to religion. It says that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.  

(18) What protects a citizen from being forcefully deprived of his nationality?

Answer. Article 15 (1) and (2) protect a citizen from being forcefully deprived of his nationality.

(19) What right about parents are mentioned in the Section 3 of article 26 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? 

Answer. Section 3 of article 26 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights mentioned that, parents have a right to choose the kind of education that impart to their children.   

(20) What should be the aim of education as mentioned in Section 2 of article 26 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?  

Answer. The aim of education as mentioned in Section 2 of article 26 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that it shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. 

(21) What does Section 1 of article 25 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights cover in regard to the right of human health?  

Answer. Section 1 of article 25 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights covers the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of oneself and of one's family. So inevitably it includes food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services.  

(22) What is the right to education as mentioned in Section 1 of article 26 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?  

Answer. The right to education as mentioned in Section 1 of article 26 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.  

(23) What rights about motherhood and childhood are mentioned in Section 2 of article 25 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Answer. The rights about motherhood and childhood as mentioned in Section 2 of article 25 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are that motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. 

মানবাধিকারের ঘোষণাপত্রের ধারা সমূহ

ধারা - ১২ : কেউ তার গোপনীয়তা, পরিবার, বাসাবাড়ি অথবা চিঠিপত্রের আদান প্রদানে অযৌক্তিক হস্তক্ষেপের অথবা তার সম্মান ও মর্যাদার ওপর আক্রমণের শিকার হবে না। এ ধরণের হস্তক্ষেপে অথবা আক্রমণের বিরুদ্ধে প্রত্যেকের আইনের আশ্রয়লাভের অধিকার রয়েছে।

ধারা- ১৪ : (১) শাস্তি এড়ানোর জন্যে প্রত্যেকের অন্য দেশে আশ্রয় গ্রহণ এবং ভোগ করার অধিকার রয়েছে।

ধারা - ১৫ : (১) প্রত্যেকের জাতীয়তার অধিকার রয়েছে ।

(২) কাউকে অযৌক্তিকভাবে তার জাতীয়তার অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত করা যাবে না বা তার জাতীয়তা পরিবর্তনের অধিকার অস্বীকার করা যাবে না।

ধারা - ১৬ : (১) জাতি, জাতীয়তা অথবা ধর্মের ক্ষেত্রে সীমাবদ্ধতা ব্যতিরেকে পূর্ণবয়স্ক পুরুষ এবং নারীর বিয়ে করার ও পরিবার গঠন করার অধিকার রয়েছে।

(২) বিবাহে ইচ্ছুক পাত্র-পাত্রীর স্বাধীন এবং পূর্ণ সম্মতি নিয়ে কেবলমাত্র বিবাহ সম্পন্ন হবে ।

(৩) পরিবার হচ্ছে সমাজের সহজাত এবং মৌলিক গোষ্ঠী একক এবং সমাজ ও রাষ্ট্র কর্তৃক সুরক্ষা পাওয়ার অধিকারী।

ধারা - ১৮ : প্রত্যেকের চিন্তা, বিবেক এবং ধর্মের স্বাধীনতা রয়েছে; একই সঙ্গে রয়েছে প্রচার, চর্চা, প্রার্থনা এবং উদযাপনের মাধ্যমে তার ধর্ম অথবা বিশ্বাস প্রকাশের স্বাধীনতা ।

ধারা - ১৯: প্রত্যেকের মতামত এবং অভিব্যক্তি প্রকাশের স্বাধীনতা রয়েছে; এই অধিকারের অর্ন্তভুক্ত হচ্ছে কোন হস্তক্ষেপ ছাড়া মতামত তুলে ধরা।

ধারা - ২০ : (১) প্রত্যেকের শান্তিপূর্ণ সমাবেশ এবং সংগঠন করার স্বাধীনতা রয়েছে।

(২) কাউকে জোরপূর্বক কোন সংগঠনভুক্ত করা যাবে না।

ধারা - ২১ : (১) প্রত্যেকের সরাসরি বা স্বাধীনভাবে পছন্দকৃত প্রতিনিধিদের মাধ্যমে তার দেশের সরকার গঠনে অংশগ্রহণ করার অধিকার রয়েছে।

(২) প্রত্যেকের তার দেশের সরকারি চাকুরীতে প্রবেশের সমান অধিকার রয়েছে।

(৩) জনগণের অভিপ্রায় হবে সরকারের ক্ষমতার ভিত্তি।

ধারা-২৫ (১) : প্রত্যেকের খাদ্য, বস্ত্র, বাসস্থান এবং চিকিৎসা সেবা ও প্রয়োজনীয় সামাজিক পরিসেবাসহ নিজের এবং নিজের পরিবারের স্বাস্থ্য ও মঙ্গলের জন্য পর্যাপ্ত জীবনযাত্রার মান অর্জনের অধিকার রয়েছে।

(২) ও মাতৃত্ব এবং শৈশবাবস্থায় প্রতিটি নারী এবং শিশুর বিশেষ যত্ন এবং সাহায্য লাভের অধিকার আছে। বিবাহবন্ধন-বহির্ভূত কিংবা বিবাহবন্ধনজাত সকল শিশু অভিন্ন সামাজিক নিরাপত্তা ভোগ করবে।

ধারা-২৬ (১) । প্রত্যেকেরই শিক্ষালাভের অধিকার রয়েছে। অন্ততঃপক্ষে প্রাথমিক ও মৌলিক পর্যায়ে শিক্ষা অবৈতনিক হবে। প্রাথমিক শিক্ষা বাধ্যতামূলক হবে। কারিগরী ও বৃত্তিমূলক শিক্ষা সাধারণভাবে লভ্য থাকবে এবং উচ্চতর শিক্ষা মেধার ভিত্তিতে সকলের জন্য সমভাবে উন্মুক্ত থাকবে।

(২) ব্যক্তিত্বের পূর্ণ বিকাশ এবং মানবিক অধিকার ও মৌলিক স্বাধীনতাসমূহের প্রতি শ্রদ্ধাবোধ সুদৃঢ় করার লক্ষ্যে শিক্ষা পরিচালিত হবে। শিক্ষা সকল জাতি, গোত্র এবং ধর্মের মধ্যে সমঝোতা, সহিষ্ণুতা ও বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ সম্পর্ক উন্নয়নের প্রয়াস পাবে এবং শান্তি রক্ষার স্বার্থে জাতিসংঘের কার্যাবলীকে এগিয়ে নিয়ে যাবে।

(৩) কোন ধরনের শিক্ষা সন্তানকে দেওয়া হবে, তা বেছে নেবার পূর্বাধিকার পিতামাতার থাকবে।

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