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HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 3 Environmental Justice
Environmental Justice
What is Environmental Justice
1. When an explosion in the Union Carbide Chemical Plant in Bhopal, India, killed thousands of people on the night of December 2, 1984, it was regarded as a terrible but singular disaster. When a reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine in the former Soviet Union exploded just two years later killing an undisclosed number of workers, it was regarded as a terrible but singular disaster. So too when the world learned of the ecological and human cost of decades of petroleum-waste dumping in the Niger Delta by Royal Dutch Shell in the last quarter of the twentieth century, the attempt to privatize water in Bolivia by the Bechtel Corporation in the 1990s, the death of close to two thousand people in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, or even the horrific aftermath of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki six decades earlier, each was regarded as a terrible but singular disaster.
2. In fact, these and other similar environmental disasters are neither singular nor isolated. Rather, they are clearly interconnected; they are caused by human beings; and they disproportionately negatively impact poor people and women. That is what Environmental Justice as a movement understands. What is often regarded as a natural disaster is upon closer examination the result of sometimes shortsighted and other times reckless even pernicious corporate, governmental, or individual environmental practices that target and disadvantage vulnerable groups. 3. As a concept and a movement now global in scope, Environmental Justice holds that environmental burdens and benefits should be shared equally by all people. It recognizes that currently the negative impacts of ecological devastation, particularly the environmental harm and hazards created by overconsumption of resources in the global North and by elites worldwide, fall disproportionately on the world's Poor, the vast majority of whom are people of colur, especially women and children.
4. Simultaneously, the benefits of that overconsumption are enjoyed primarily by the privileged around the world, a fraction of the earth's population. Environmental Justice, commonly referred to as EJ, seeks to make these facts visible and to bring people together to work for positive change.
5. Environmental Justice links two large, foundational bodies of modern thought and activist engagement. It yokes concern for the environment, including all life on the planet, to commitment to social justice: human equity in terms of race, gender, religion, nationality, and class. Environmental Justice bridges the gap between [the] two movements: environmentalism and human rights advocacy. It not only brings them together for positive change but also shows their inextricable connectedness.
6. Environmental Justice therefore represents a new, important body of thought and action at the beginning of the twenty-first century, especially as people around the world face the realities of climate change, increasing toxicity, resource depletion, and the rapid disappearance of species and arable land on which the health of many human communities depends. Fundamental to both the concept of Environmental Justice and the activist EJ movement is the search for fair ways of sharing environmental burdens and benefits and collectively creating a future in which the dignity and rights of all people are respected.
Read the passage again and answer the questions:
(1) What disaster occurred at the Union Carbide Chemical Plant in Bhopal, India. In 1984?
Answer. An explosion occurred at the Union Carbide Chemical Plant in Bhopal, India, on December 2, 1984. The disaster killed thousands of people.
(2) How was the explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant viewed in relation to the Bhopal disaster?
Answer. The explosion at Chernobyl was also regarded as a terrible but singular disaster, similar to Bhopal.
(3) What are some examples of other environmental disasters mentioned in the text?
Answer. Other examples of environmental disaster's include petroleum-waste dumping in the Niger Delta, water privatization in Bolivia, Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
(4) What does the Environmental Justice movement understand about these disasters?
Answer. The Environmental Justice movement understands that these disasters are interconnected and caused by human actions, rather than being singular events.
(5) How do these disasters disproportionately affect certain groups of people?
Answer. These disasters disproportionately negatively impact poor people and women, targeting and disadvantaging vulnerable groups.
(6) What was the result of the explosion at the Union Carbide Chemical Plant in 1964?
Answer. The explosion at the Union Carbide Chemical Plant resulted in the deaths of thousands of people.
(7) How did the world react to the Chernobyl disaster two years after Bhopal?
Answer. The Chernobyl disaster was also viewed as a singular and terrible event, much like Bhopal.
(8) What are some key events mentioned that exemplify environmental disasters?
Answer. Key events include the ecological damage in the Niger Delta, water privatization in Bolivia, Hurricane Katrina, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
(9) According to the text, how are these disasters related to human actions?
Answer. These disasters are connected and caused by human actions, not isolated incidents.
(10) What is a significant aspect of the Environmental Justice movement's understanding of these disasters?
Answer. The Environmental Justice movement recognizes the interconnectedness of these disasters and their causes.
(11) Why are disasters often seen as natural, despite their human causes?
Answer. Disasters are often seen as natural due to a lack of awareness about their human-driven causes.
(12) What are some specific groups that suffer more from these environmental disasters?
Answer. Poor people and women are specific groups that suffer disproportionately from these disasters.
(13) How do corporate and governmental practices contribute to environmental disasters?
Answer. Reckless corporate and governmental practices contribute to the environmental degradation that leads to disasters.
(14) What did the environmental Impacts of Royal Dutch Shell in the Niger Delta illustrate?
Answer. The environmental impacts of Royal Dutch Shell in the Niger Delta highlight the ongoing harm caused by corporate negligence.
(15) How does the text suggest we should view the relationship between disasters and vulnerable communities?
Answer. The text suggests that we should view these disasters as deeply connected to the struggles of vulnerable communities, rather than as isolated events.
(16) What is the main goal of Environmental Justice (EJ) as a global movement?
Answer. The main goal of Environmental Justice is to ensure that environmental burdens and benefits are shared equally by all people.
(17) Who are most affected by the environmental harm and hazards mentioned in the text?
Answer. The world's poor, especially people of color, women, and children, are most affected by environmental harm and hazards.
(18) How does Environmental Justice link environmental concerns with social justice?
Answer. Environmental Justice links concern for the environment with a commitment to social justice by addressing issues of race, gender, religion, nationality, and class.
(19) What two foundational bodies of modern thought does Environmental Justice connect?
Answer. Environmental Justice connects environmentalism with human rights.
(20) Why is Environmental Justice considered important in the twenty-first century?
Answer. Environmental Justice is important in the twenty-first century because it addresses the global challenges of climate change, resource depletion, and the need for equitable solutions.
(21) What does Environmental Justice aim to achieve with regard to environmental burdens and benefits?
Answer. Environmental Justice seeks to achieve an equal sharing of environmental burdens and benefits among all people.
(22) Who suffers the most from ecological devastation caused by overconsumption in the global North?
Answer. The poor, especially people of color, women, and children, suffer the most from ecological devastation caused by overconsumption in the global North.
(23) Who enjoys the benefits of overconsumption, according to Environmental Justice?
Answer. The privileged minority around the world primarily enjoys the benefits of overconsumption.
(24) How does Environmental Justice bring people together for positive change?
Answer. Environmental Justice brings people together by making the unequal distribution of environmental harm and benefits visible and fostering collaboration for change.
(25) What two movements does Environmental Justice bridge together?
Answer. Environmental Justice bridges environmentalism and human rights advocacy.
(26) What does Environmental Justice show about the connection between environmentalism and human rights advocacy?
Answer. Environmental Justice shows that environmentalism and human rights advocacy are inextricably connected.
(27) Why is Environmental Justice a significant movement in the twenty-first century?
Answer. It is significant because it addresses pressing issues like climate change. resource depletion, and the need for equitable solutions.
(28) How does Environmental Justice address issues of race, gender, and class?
Answer. Environmental Justice addresses these issues by promoting fairness and equity in how environmental impacts and benefits are distributed.
(29) What are some of the global realities that make Environmental Justice relevant today?
Answer. Global realities such as climate change, increasing toxicity, and the depletion of resources make Environmental Justice relevant.
(30) What does Environmental Justice seek to achieve for the dignity and rights of all people?
Answer. Environmental Justice seeks to create a future where the dignity and rights of all people are respected and protected.
āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰ
āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰ āĻি?
ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ē āϏাāϞেāϰ ⧍ āĻĄিāϏেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ āϰাāϤে, āĻাāϰāϤেāϰ āĻোāĻĒাāϞেāϰ āĻāĻāύিāϝ়āύ āĻাāϰ্āĻŦাāĻāĻĄ āĻেāĻŽিāĻ্āϝাāϞ āĻĒ্āϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻে āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦিāϏ্āĻĢোāϰāĻŖে āĻšাāĻাāϰ āĻšাāĻাāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ āύিāĻšāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻি āĻāĻāĻি āĻāϝ়াāĻŦāĻš āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰ্āϝāϝ় āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻিāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ। āĻĻুāĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϏাāĻŦেāĻ āϏোāĻিāϝ়েāϤ āĻāĻāύিāϝ়āύেāϰ āĻāĻāĻ্āϰেāύে āĻেāϰāύোāĻŦিāϞ āĻĒাāϰāĻŽাāĻŖāĻŦিāĻ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻāĻāĻি āϰিāĻ ্āϝাāĻ্āĻāϰ āĻŦিāϏ্āĻĢোāϰāĻŖে āĻ āĻ্āĻাāϤ āϏংāĻ্āϝāĻ āĻļ্āϰāĻŽিāĻ āύিāĻšāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ, āĻāĻিāĻেāĻ āĻāϝ়াāĻŦāĻš āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰ্āϝāϝ় āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻāύা āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ। āĻŦিংāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻেāϰ āĻļেāώ āĻĒ্āϰাāύ্āϤিāĻে āϰāϝ়্āϝাāϞ āĻĄাāĻ āĻļেāϞ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĄেāϞ্āĻা āύāĻĻীāϤে āĻāϝ়েāĻ āĻĻāĻļāĻ āϧāϰে āĻĒেāĻ্āϰোāϞিāϝ়াāĻŽ āϤāϰāϞ āĻŦāϰ্āĻ্āϝ āĻĢেāϞাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāύāĻŦিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻাāύāϤে āĻĒেāϰেāĻিāϞ। āĻোāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāϰ āĻĒেāĻ্āϰোāϞিāϝ়াāĻŽ-āϤāϰāϞ āĻŦāϰ্āĻ্āϝ āĻĄেāϞ্āĻা āύāĻĻীāϤে āĻĢেāϞা, ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻļāĻে āĻŦেāĻāĻেāϞ āĻāϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύেāϰ āĻŦāϞিāĻিāϝ়াāϝ় āĻĒাāύি āĻŦেāϏāϰāĻাāϰীāĻāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻেāώ্āĻা, ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ģ āϏাāϞে āĻšাāϰিāĻেāύ āĻ্āϝাāĻāϰিāύাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āύিāĻ āĻ āϰāϞিāύ্āϏে āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় āĻĻুāĻ āĻšাāĻাāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু, āĻāĻŽāύāĻি āĻāϝ় āĻĻāĻļāĻ āĻāĻে āĻšিāϰোāĻļিāĻŽা āĻāĻŦং āύাāĻাāϏাāĻিāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŽাāĻŖāĻŦিāĻ āĻŦোāĻŽা āĻĢেāϞাāϰ āĻāϝ়াāĻŦāĻš āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤিāĻ āĻāϝ়াāĻŦāĻš āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰ্āϝāϝ় āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻিāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ।
āĻĒ্āϰāĻৃāϤāĻĒāĻ্āώে, āĻāĻāϏāĻŦ āĻāĻŦং āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻāĻāĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰ্āϝāϝ়āĻুāϞো āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻ্āĻিāύ্āύ āύāϝ়। āĻŦāϰং, āĻāĻুāϞো āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻাāĻŦে āĻāύ্āϤঃāϏংāϝুāĻ্āϤ; āĻāĻুāϞো āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏৃāώ্āĻ; āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻুāϞো āĻ āύুāύ্āύāϤ āĻāύāĻāĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āύাāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻাāĻŦে āύেāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦ āĻĢেāϞে। āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻāύāĻাāϝ়āϰāύāĻŽেāύ্āĻাāϞ āĻাāϏ্āĻিāϏ (āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰ)-āĻāϰ āĻāĻিāĻ āĻšāϞো āĻŽূāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĒাāĻĻ্āϝ। āϝেāĻুāϞোāĻে āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āϧāϰে āύিāĻ, āύিāĻŦিāĻĄ় āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ্āώāĻŖে āϤা āĻ āύেāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻ āĻĻূāϰāĻĻāϰ্āĻļী āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāĻেāĻŽাāĻেāĻ āĻŦেāĻĒāϰোāϝ়া, āĻāĻŽāύāĻি āĻ āĻļুāĻ āĻāϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻ, āϏāϰāĻাāϰি āĻŦা āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāĻāϤ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āϰীāϤিāύীāϤিāϰ āĻাāϰāĻŖে āϏৃāώ্āĻ, āϝা āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻাāĻŦে āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āĻāύāĻোāώ্āĻ ীāĻুāϞোāĻে āĻāĻ্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻāϰে āĻāĻŦং āϤাāĻĻেāϰāĻে āĻ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĢেāϞে āĻĻেāϝ়।
āĻāĻāĻি āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে, āϝা āĻāĻāύ āĻŦৈāĻļ্āĻŦিāĻ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϝ়ে āĻŦিāϏ্āϤৃāϤ, āĻāύāĻাāϝ়āϰāύāĻŽেāύ্āĻাāϞ āĻাāϏ্āĻিāϏ (āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰ) āĻāĻ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰে āϝে, āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āĻĻাāϝ় āĻāϰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāĻুāϞো āϏāĻāϞ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏāĻŽাāύāĻাāĻŦে āĻাāĻাāĻাāĻি āĻāϰা āĻāĻিāϤ। āĻāĻিāϰ āϏ্āĻŦীāĻাāϰ্āϝ āĻāĻ āϝে, āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏāϝāĻ্āĻেāϰ āύেāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦ, āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϤ āĻŦৈāĻļ্āĻŦিāĻ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻোāϞাāϰ্āϧে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻুāĻĄ়ে āĻ āĻিāĻাāϤāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻেāϰ āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰে āϏৃāώ্āĻ āĻ্āώāϤি āĻ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻ, āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻĻāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ āĻāύāĻোāώ্āĻ ীāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĒāĻĄ়āĻে, āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦেāĻļিāϰāĻাāĻāĻ āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāĻোāώ্āĻ ীāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ, āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϤ āύাāϰী āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻļু।
āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি, āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰেāϰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāĻুāϞো āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāĻোāĻীāϰা āĻāĻĒāĻোāĻ āĻāϰে, āϝাāϰা āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āĻāύāϏংāĻ্āϝাāϰ āĻ্āώুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻ ংāĻļ। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰ, āϝা āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ EJ āύাāĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤ, āĻāĻ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻুāϞোāĻে āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻাāĻŦে āϤুāϞে āϧāϰাāϰ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻāϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽাāύুāώāĻে āĻāĻāϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻāϰে āĻাāĻ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻš্āĻŦাāύ āĻাāύাāϝ়।
āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰ āĻĻুāĻি āϰāĻĄ়, āĻāϧুāύিāĻ āĻিāύ্āϤাāϧাāϰা āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻ্āϰিāϝ়āϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύেāϰ āĻিāϤ্āϤিāĻে āϏংāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰে। āĻāĻি āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻāĻে, āϝা āĻāĻ āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻীāĻŦāĻāύ্āϤু āĻ āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰে, āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļ্āϰুāϤিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏংāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰে; āϝা āĻšāϞো āĻাāϤি, āϞিāĻ্āĻ, āϧāϰ্āĻŽ, āĻাāϤীāϝ়āϤা āĻāĻŦং āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāϰ āĻĻিāĻ āĻĨেāĻে āĻŽাāύāĻŦিāĻ āϏāĻŽāϤা। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāύāĻŦাāϧিāĻাāϰ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāĻাāϰ āĻĢাঁāĻāĻি āĻĒূāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰে। āĻāĻি āĻļুāϧু āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻāĻāϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻāϰে āύা, āĻŦāϰং āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻেāĻĻ্āϝ āϏংāϝুāĻ্āϤিāϤাāĻ āĻĻেāĻাāϝ় ।
āϏুāϤāϰাং, āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰ āĻāĻāĻŦিংāĻļ āĻļāϤাāĻŦ্āĻĻীāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে āĻāĻāĻি āύāϤুāύ, āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻিāύ্āϤাāϧাāϰা āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰ্āĻŽেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāύিāϧিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻāϰে, āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϤ āϝāĻāύ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻুāĻĄ়ে āĻāϞāĻŦাāϝ়ু āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ, āĻŦিāώাāĻ্āϤāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি, āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻেāϰ āĻš্āϰাāϏ, āĻāĻŦং āĻৃāώি āĻāĻŽিāϰ āĻĻ্āϰুāϤ āĻŦিāϞুāĻĒ্āϤিāϰ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦāϤাāϰ āĻŽুāĻোāĻŽুāĻি āĻšāĻ্āĻে, āϝাāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻ āύেāĻ āĻŽাāύāĻŦ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāϝ়েāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āύিāϰ্āĻāϰ āĻāϰে। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āύ্āϝাāϝ়āĻŦিāĻাāϰেāϰ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻ্āϰিāϝ় EJ āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύেāϰ āĻিāϤ্āϤিāϤে āϰāϝ়েāĻে āύ্āϝাāϝ্āϝ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়ে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻāϤ āĻĻাāϝ় āĻ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāĻুāϞো āĻাāĻাāĻাāĻি āĻāϰাāϰ āĻāĻĒাāϝ় āĻ āύুāϏāύ্āϧাāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝ⧠āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ, āϝেāĻাāύে āϏāĻāϞ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāϰ্āϝাāĻĻা āĻāĻŦং āĻ āϧিāĻাāϰ āϏāĻŽুāύ্āύāϤ āĻĨাāĻāĻŦে।