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HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 1 Environment and Nature

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 1 Environment and Nature

Environment and Nature

Water, water everywhere...

Water, water, every where, 
And all the boards did shrink; 
Water, water, every where,  
Nor any drop to drink.  

Coleridge's poem, a ballad, narrates the harrowing sea-voyage of an old mariner who at one point of his journey didn't have any water to drink because of a curse. Not only the cursed mariner, we too know how important drinking water is in our life. We know we cannot survive without it. In fact, two-thirds of our body is made up of water. Not for nothing is it said that the other name of water is life. Is there a crisis in our time with regard to access to clean drinking water? The United Nations in a meeting on the eve of the new millennium identified the drinking water problem as one of the challenges for the future. Besides, we have worry in out the problem as ours is a land of rivers he we have plenty of rainfall? Besides, we have a sea in our backyard too.  

One of the sources of water in our country is the rivers. Rivers are everywhere in our life, literature economy and culture. But are the rivers in good shape? Unfortunately, they are not. A few are already dead and several are going through the pangs of death. The river Buriganga is an example of a dying river. A report published in the Daily Sun describes what has happened to the river Buriganga and why. Its water is polluted and a perpetual stench fills the air around it. But that is  not what it was like before.

The report says that the river had a glorious past. Once it was a tributary of the mighty Ganges and flowed into the Bay of Bengal through the river Dhaleshwari, Gradually, it lost its link with the Ganges and got the name Buriganga. The Mughals marveled at the tide level of the Buriganga and founded their capital Jahangirnagar on its banks in 1610. The river supplied drinking water and supported trade and commerce. Jahangirnagar was renamed Dhaka which grew into a heavily populated city with a chronic shortage of space.  

The city paid back the bounty of the river by sucking life out of it! According to newspaper reports, the Buriganga is dying because of pollution. Huge quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from mills and factories, hospitals and clinics and households and other establishments are dumped into the river every day. The city of Dhaka discharges about 4500 tons of solid waste every day and most of it is directly released into the Buriganga. According to the Department of the Environment (DOE), 20,000 tons of tannery wastes, including some highly toxic materials, are released into the river every day. Experts identified nine industrial areas in and around the capital city as the primary sources of river pollution: Tongi, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Tarabo, Narayanganj. Savar. Gazipur, Dhaka Export Processing Zone and Ghorashal.  

The river would need a monster's stomach to digest all the wastes mentioned above. There is a limit up to which it can put up with its cruel and thoughtless treatment. There are other rivers in the country that are suffering the same fate. Unless we take care of our rivers there may come a time when we will cry 'water, water' and find it nowhere.

Answer the following questions.  

(1) One of the sources of water in our country is the rivers. What are the other sources of water mentioned in the text?

Answer. The other sources of water mentioned in the text are the rainfall and the sea.  

(2) Why is drinking water important in our life? Can you mention the other name of water? 

Answer. Drinking water is important in our life because we cannot survive without it. More importantly, two-thirds of our body is made up of water. The other name of water is 'life'. 

(3) What is, according to the United Nations, one of the challenges for the future? Where. was it identified? 

Answer. According to the United Nations, one of the challenges for the future is the problem of drinking water. It was identified in a meeting of UN on the eve of the new millennium. 

(4) "Rivers are everywhere in our life." Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer.  

Answer. Yes, I agree with the statement that "Rivers are everywhere in our life." They have a very distinct place in our literature and culture. We cannot imagine our economy without them.  

(5) Who wrote the poem, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"? What is the poem about?

Answer. Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote the poem, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner". The poem is about the miserable sea-voyage of an old mariner who at one point of his journey didn't have any water to drink because of a curse.  

(6) Do we need to worry about the problem as ours is a land of rivers and we have plenty of rainfall? Give reasons for your answer. 

Answer. Yes, we need to worry about the problem in spite of ours is a land of rivers and we have plenty of rainfall. It is because we are polluting the water of our rivers in a number of ways. 

(7) "A few are already dead and several are going through the pangs of death." Explain briefly. 

Answer. The critical condition of our rivers is described by the sentence. Some of the rivers in our country are referred to as 'dead' because the water is heavily polluted. Some other rivers are also on the verge of death.  

(8) Why is it said that the other name of water is life? Describe in your own words. 

Answer. It is said that the other name of water is life because two-thirds of our body is made up of water and we cannot survive without it.   

(9) Give an example of a dying river. What was the report published in the Daily Sun about the river? 

Answer. The river Buriganga is an example of a dying river. The report published in the Daily Sun about the river described what happened to the river Buriganga and why its water is polluted and a perpetual stench fills the air around it.  

(10) What is the condition of our rivers? Write your answer in the context of the last passage of the text.

Answer. The condition of our rivers is not good at all. They are not in good shape. A few of the rivers are already dead and several are in the process of death.

পরিবেশ এবং প্রকৃতি

পানি, সর্বত্র পানি

পানি, সর্বত্র পানি, 
এবং সকল মেঝে সংকুচিত 
পানি, সর্বত্র পানি,  
পান করার জন্য এক ফোঁটা নেই।  

কোলরিজের কবিতা, একটি গাথা এক প্রাচীন নাবিকের মর্মভেদী সমুদ্র-যাত্রা বর্ণনা করছে যার একটি অভিশাপের কারণে যাত্রার এক পর্যায়ে পানের জন্য কোন পানি ছিল না। অভিশপ্ত নাবিক শুধু নয় আমরাও জানি আমাদের জীবনে পানীয় জলের গুরুত্ব কতখানি। আমরা জানি, এটা ছাড়া আমরা বেঁচে থাকতে পারি না । আসলে আমাদের শরীরের দুই-তৃতীয়াংশ পানি দিয়ে গঠিত। কোনো কিছুর বিনিময়ে নয় এটা বলা হয় যে পানির অপর নাম জীবন। আমাদের সময়ে কি কিছু পানীয় জলের প্রবেশাধিকারে একটি সংকট আছেন এক সভায় জাতিসংঘ নতুন সহস্রাব্দের প্রাক্কালে পানীয় জলের সমস্যাকে ভবিষ্যতের অন্যতম চ্যালেঞ্জ হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করেছে। কিন্তু আমাদের কি এই সমস্যা নিয়ে উদ্বিগ্ন হওয়ার দরকার আছে যেখানে আমাদের দেশ নদীমাতৃক ও আমাদের প্রচুর বৃষ্টিপাত হয়। আমাদের দেশের জলের অন্যতম উৎস নদী। আমাদের জীবন, সাহিত্য, অর্থনীতি ও সংস্কৃতির সর্বত্র নদী । কিন্তু নদীগুলো কি ভালো আকৃতিতে আছে? দূর্ভাগ্যবশত তারা তা নেই। কিছু মরে গেছে এবং কিছু মরার উপক্রম । বুড়িগঙ্গা নদী একটি মৃত্যুপথযাত্রী নদীর উদাহরণ । ডেইলি সান পত্রিকায় প্রকাশিত খবরে বুড়িগঙ্গা নদীতে কি ঘটেছে এবং কেন তা বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। এর পানি দূষিত এবং একটি চিরস্থায়ী দুর্গন্ধ এর চারপাশের বাতাসে। কিন্তু এটা তা নয় যা সে আগে ছিল।

খবরে বলা হয়েছে যে নদীটির একটি গৌরবময় অতীত ছিল। একদা এটা পরাক্রমশালী গঙ্গার শাখা ছিল এবং ধলেশ্বরী নদী দিয়ে এটি বঙ্গোপসাগরে পতিত হত। পর্যায়ক্রমে এটি গঙ্গার সঙ্গে এর সংযোগ হারিয়ে ফেলে এবং বুড়িগঙ্গা নাম ধারণ করে। মোঘলরা বুড়িগঙ্গার প্রবাহের স্তর দেখে চমৎকৃত হন এবং ১৬১০ সালে এর তীরে তাদের রাজধানী জাহাঙ্গীরনগর প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন । নদীটি পানীয় জল সরবরাহ করাসহ ব্যবসা ও বাণিজ্যে সহায়তা করতো। জাহাঙ্গীরনগরকে ঢাকা নামে পুনঃনামকরণ করা হয় যা দীর্ঘস্থায়ী স্থানের ঘাটতি নিয়ে ব্যাপকভাবে জনবহুল নগরী হিসেবে গড়ে ওঠে।  

শহর নদীর দান ফিরিয়ে দিচ্ছে এর থেকে জীবন চুষে নিয়ে। সংবাদপত্রের খবর অনুযায়ী, দূষণের কারণে বুড়িগঙ্গার মৃত্যু হচ্ছে। প্রতিদিন বিপুল পরিমাণে বিষাক্ত রাসয়নিক পদার্থ ও কল-কারখানা, হাসপাতাল, ক্লিনিক, পরিবার ও অন্যান্য প্রতিষ্ঠানের বর্জ্য নদীতে ফেলা হচ্ছে। প্রতিদিন ঢাকা নগরীতে ৪৫০০ টন কঠিন বর্জ্য নিষ্কাশন হয় এবং তার অধিকাংশই বুড়িগঙ্গায় বিমুক্ত হয়। পরিবেশ বিভাগ (ডিওই) এর মতে, ২০,০০০ টন ট্যানারী বর্জ্য যার মধ্যে কিছু উচ্চ বিষাক্ত পদার্থ আছে, তা প্রতিদিন নদীতে বিমুক্ত হয়। নদী দূষণের প্রাথমিক উৎস হিসেবে বিশেষজ্ঞরা রাজধানীর মধ্যে ও চারপাশের নয়টি শিল্প অঞ্চলকে চিহ্নিত করেছেন: টঙ্গী, তেজগাঁও, হাজারীবাগ, তারাবো, নারায়ণগঞ্জ, সাভার, গাজীপুর, ঢাকা রপ্তানী প্রক্রিয়াকরণ অঞ্চল এবং ঘোড়াশাল । উপরে উল্লেখিত বর্জ্য হজম করার জন্য নদীর একটি দৈত্যকার পাকস্থলী দরকার। নিষ্ঠুর ও বিবেকবর্জিত আচরণ সহ্য করার ক্ষেত্রে নদীর একটি সীমা আছে। আমাদের দেশের অন্য আরও নদীও আছে যেগুলো একই পরিণতি ভোগ করছে। আমরা যদি আমাদের নদীগুলোর যত্ন না নিই, তখন একটা সময় আসতে পারে যখন আমরা 'পানি পানি' বলে চিৎকার করবো এবং কোথাও তা পাব না ।

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