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HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 6 Lesson 1 Dreams

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 6 Lesson 1 Dreams

What is a Dream

Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all. 

Fust, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. 

Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? 

While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams. nu consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state. the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. 

Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories. 

Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of subconscious desires, thoughts ang motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), Freud wrote that dreams are “...disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes.” 

Freud's theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation. Following his paths many theorists came up with their own ideas about dreams. The following are just a few of them:

# Some researchers suggest that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. Dreams are not meaningless. Instead, during dreams the cognitive elements in our brain produce new ideas. 

# One theory suggests that dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream. 

# Another theory uses a computer metaphor to account for dreams. According to this theory, dreams serve to ‘clean up’ clutter from the mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind to prepare for the next day. 

# Yet another model proposes that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In this theory, the dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment.

Answer the following questions.  

(1) "Science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 

Answer. Yes, I agree with the view that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Recently, dreams have been subjected to empirical research and scientific study and scientists are getting new aspects of dreams.  

 (2) Why do we often find yourself puzzling over the content of a dream? Describe in brief.

Answer. We often find ourselves puzzling over the content of a dream because dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing.

(3) What purpose do dreams serve according to the researchers? 

Answer. According to some researchers, dreams serve no real purpose. Some other researchers believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.  

(4) Explain to two sentences Explain the theory of dreams by Sigmund Freud in not more than two sentences.

Answer. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. As these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams.  

(5) How did Sigmund Freud define dreams in his famous book "The Interpretation of  Dream? 

Answer. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud defined dreams as 'disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes'.   

(6) What is the basic question mentioned in the second paragraph? Write down the answer of this question.

Answer. The basic question mentioned in the second paragraph is "What is a dream?" The answer of this question is that a dream is a combination of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. 

(7) Describe the suggestion that we get from the theory of dreams by Sigmund Freud. 

Answer. The suggestion that we get from the theory of dreams by Sigmund Freud is that dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. 

(8) What is Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams consistent with? What does it suggest accordingly? 

Answer. Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams is consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective. Accordingly, it suggests that dreams are à representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations.  

(9) What have the philosophers been fascinated by throughout the years? What is the recent development regarding dreams?

Answer. The philosophers have been fascinated by dreams throughout the years. The recent development regarding dreams is that they have been subjected to empirical research and scientific study.    

(10) Give a definition of dream in your own words. Write your answer in not more than two sentences.

Answer. Dream is one kind of experience in sleep containing images, thoughts and emotions. It may be vivid or vague; pleasing or frightening: understandable or confusing.

(11) Dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons for your answer. 

Answer. Yes. I agree with the view that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In fact, the dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment.

(12) Explain the theory that uses a computer metaphor to account for dreams in two  sentences. 

Answer. The theory of dreams that says 'dreams are not meaningless' describes the dreams as a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. During dreams the cognitive elements in our brain produce new ideas.

(13) Describe the theory of dreams that says 'dreams are not meaningless'. Explain in two sentences. 

Answer. According to this theory, dreams serve to clean up clutter from the mind. It is like clean-up operations in a computer and it refreshes the mind to prepare for the next day. 

(14) "The sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream." Describe the theory that is related to this example. 

Answer. The theory that is related to the example given in the question is that dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep.

(15) What is the contribution of Sigmund Freud's theory of dream to the popularity of dream Interpretation?

Answer. Sigmund Freud's theory of dream has a great contribution to the popularity of dream interpretation. Many theorists followed his paths and came up with their own ideas about dreams.

āĻŦāĻ™্āĻ—াāύুāĻŦাāĻĻ :

āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻ•ি?

 āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰে āĻĻাāϰ্āĻļāύিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻŽুāĻ—্āϧ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰিāĻ• āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖা āĻāĻŦং āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āĻāϰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϤে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে। āĻāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦāύা āφāĻ›ে āϝে, āϤুāĻŽি āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āχ āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āύিāϝ়ে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦিāĻ­্āϰাāύ্āϤিāĻ•āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϝ় āĻĒāĻĄ়ে āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰ, āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āϤুāĻŽি āφāĻĻৌ āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻĻেāĻ– āĻ•েāύ āϤা āύিāϝ়ে āφāĻļ্āϚāϰ্āϝ āĻšāϝ়ে āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰ। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ, āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύেāϰ āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰা āϝাāĻ•ঃ āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻ•ী? āϘুāĻŽেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝে āĻ•োāύ āĻ›āĻŦি, āϚিāύ্āϤা āĻāĻŦং āφāĻŦেāĻ— āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে । āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖāĻŦāύ্āϤ āĻŦা āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ…āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে; āφāύāύ্āĻĻāĻĻাāϝ়āĻ• āφāĻŦেāĻ— āĻŦা āĻ­ীāϤিāĻ•āϰ āĻ›āĻŦিāϤে āĻ­āϰা āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে; āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟāĻāĻŦং āĻŦোāϧāĻ—āĻŽ্āϝ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ…āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻ­্āϰাāύ্āϤিāĻ•āϰ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে ।

āĻ•েāύ āφāĻŽāϰা āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻĻেāĻ–ি? āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻ•ী āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āϏাāϧāύ āĻ•āϰে?

āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•াāϰিāϤা āύিāϝ়ে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•োāύ āϐāĻ•্āϝāĻŽāϤ্āϝ āĻĒৌঁāĻ›াāύো āϝাāϝ়āύি। āϝে āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϟা āφāĻŽāϰাāϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ•াāϟাāχ āϤা āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻāϟা āĻŦিāĻ­্āϰাāύ্āϤিāĻ•āϰ āĻŽāύে āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āϝে, āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻ•āϰা āĻāĻ–āύো āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻŦুāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻ›ে āύা।āϝাāχāĻšোāĻ•, āĻāϟা āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āϜāϰুāϰী āϝে, āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āϘুāĻŽেāϰ āϏāĻ িāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻāĻŦং āĻ•াāϜ āωāύ্āĻŽোāϚāύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤে, āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āϏাāϧāύ āĻ•āϰে āύা, āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ…āύ্āϝāϰা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻ•āϰে āϝে āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•, āφāĻŦেāĻ—িāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āĻļাāϰীāϰিāĻ• āϏুāϏ্āĻĨāϤাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ…āĻĒāϰিāĻšাāϰ্āϝ।

āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে, āϏāĻŦāϚেāϝ়ে āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āφāϰāĻ“ āϜাāύা āϝাāĻ• āĻŽāύঃāϏāĻŽীāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­āĻ™্āĻ—িāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ, āϏিāĻ—āĻŽুāύ্āĻĄ āĻĢ্āϰāϝ়েāĻĄ āĻāϰ āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϝে, āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻšāϞ āĻ…āϚেāϤāύ āφāĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āώা, āϚিāύ্āϤাāĻ­াāĻŦāύা āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖোāĻĻāύাāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা। āĻĢ্āϰāϝ়েāĻĄ āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤে, āĻŽাāύুāώ āϝেāϏāĻŦ āφāĻ•্āϰāĻŽāύাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āϝৌāύ āϤাāĻĄ়āύা āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞিāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϝেāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āϏে āϏāϚেāϤāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•āϰে āϰাāĻ–ে। āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāϏāĻŦ āϚিāύ্āϤা āϏāϚেāϤāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়, āϤাāϰা āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāϚেāϤāύāϤাāϝ় āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻ–ুঁāϜে āύেāϝ় । āϤাāϰ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻŦāχ, ‘āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝাāϝ় (ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§¯) āĻĢ্āϰāϝ়েāĻĄ āϞিāĻ–েāĻ›েāύ āϝে, āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻšāϞ... “āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻŽিāϤ āχāϚ্āĻ›াāϰ āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽāĻŦেāĻļী āĻĒāϰিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϤা”।

āĻĢ্āϰāϝ়েāĻĄ āĻāϰ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝাāϰ āϜāύāĻĒ্āϰিāϝ়āϤাāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ āϰেāĻ–েāĻ›ে। āϤাāϰ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻ…āύুāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϤাāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦিāĻ• āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āύিāϝ়ে āĻāϏেāĻ›েāύ। āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤীāϤে āωāϞ্āϞিāĻ–িāϤ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦāĻ—ুāϞো āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻ•āϝ়েāĻ•āϟি:

* āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻ• āĻŦāϞেāύ āϝে, āϘুāĻŽেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻ• āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āϏংāĻ•েāϤāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা। āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻšীāύ āύāϝ়। āĻŦāϰং,āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻ•েāϰ āϜ্āĻžাāύāĻ—āϰ্āĻ­ āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ āύāϤুāύ āϧাāϰāύা āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰে । 

* āĻāĻ• āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϝে, āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻšāϞ āϘুāĻŽেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻ• āϝে āĻŦāĻšিāϰাāĻ—āϤ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰে āϤাāϰ āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ । āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏ্āĻŦāϰূāĻĒ, āϰেāĻĄিāĻ“āϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

 āφāϰেāĻ•āϟি āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āϰূāĻĒāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে। āĻāχ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে, āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻŽāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϜāĻž্āϜাāϞ ‘āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ' āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āϝা āĻŽāύāĻ•ে āϏāϤেāϜ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻĻিāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤ āϰাāĻ–ে।

* āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽāĻĄেāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰে āϝে, āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āĻŽāύঃāϏāĻŽীāĻ•্āώāύেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϰূāĻĒ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে । āĻāχ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী, āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύāĻĻ্āϰāώ্āϟা āĻāĻ•āϟি āύিāϰাāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϚিāύ্āϤা āĻāĻŦং āφāĻŦেāĻ—েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏংāϝোāĻ— āϏাāϧāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻšāϝ় ।

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