Skip to main content

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 5 Scientific Method

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 5 Scientific Method

Limits of the Scientific Method 

Before researchers become researchers they should become philosophers. They should consider what the human goal is, what it is that humanity should create. Doctors should first determine at the fundamental level what it is that human beings depend on for life.  

In applying my theories to farming. I have been experimenting in growing my crops in various ways, always with the idea of developing a method close to nature. I have done this by whittling away unnecessary agricultural practices.  

Modern scientific agriculture, on the other hand has no such vision. Research wanders about aimlessly, each researcher seeing just one part of the infinite array of natural factors which affect harvest yields.  

Furthermore, these natural factors change from place to place and from year to year.  Even though it is the same quarter acre, the farmer must grow his crops differently each year in accordance with variations in weather, insect populations, the condition of the soil, and many other natural factors. Nature is everywhere in perpetual motion; conditions are never exactly the same in any two years.  

Modern research divides nature into tiny pieces and conducts tests that conform neither with natural law nor with practical experiences. The results are arranged for the convenience of research, not according to the needs of the farmer. To think that these conclusions can be put to use with invariable success in the farmer's field is a big mistake.  

Recently Professor Tsuno of Ehime University wrote a lengthy book on the relationship of plant metabolism to rice harvests. This professor often comes to my field, digs down a few feet to check the soil. brings students along to measure the angle of sunlight and shade and whatnot, and takes plant specimens back to the lab for analysis. I often ask him, "When you go back, are you going to try non-cultivation direct seeding?" He laughingly answers, "No, I'll leave the applications to you. I'm going to stick to research." 

So that is how it is. You study the function of the plant's metabolism and its ability to absorb mutrients from the soll, write a book, and get a doctorate in agricultural science. But do not ask if your theory of assimilation is going to be relevant to the yield.  

Even if you can explain how metabolism affects the productivity of the top leaf when the average temperature is eighty-four degrees (Fahrenheit), there are places where the temperature is not eighty-four degrees. And if the temperature is eighty-four degrees in Ehime this year, next year it may only be seventy-live degrees. To say that simply stepping up metabolism will increase starch formation and produce a large harvest is a mistake. The geography and topography of the land, the condition of the soll, its structure, texture, and drainage, exposure to sunlight, insect relationships, the variety of seed used, the method of cultivation truly an infinite variety of factors-must all be considered. A scientific testing method which takes all relevant factors into account is an impossibility.  

You hear a lot of talk these days about the benefits of the "Good Rice Movement" and the "Green Revolution." Because these methods depend on weak, "improved" seed varieties, it becomes necessary for the farmer to apply chemicals and insecticides eight or ten times during the growing season. In a short time the soil is burned clean of microorganisms and organic matter. The life of the soil is destroyed and crops come to be dependent on nutrients added from the outside in the form of chemical fertilizer.  

It appears that things go better when the farmer applies "scientific" techniques, but this does not mean that science must come to the rescue because the natural fertility is inherently insufficient. It means that rescue is necessary because the natural fertility has been destroyed.  

By spreading straw, growing clover, and returning to the soil all organic residues, the earth comes to possess all the nutrients needed to grow rice and winter grain in the same field year after year. By natural farming, fields that have already been damaged by cultivation or the use of agricultural chemicals can be effectively rehabilitated.

Read the passage again and answer the questions: 

(1) What does the author believe researchers should become before they begin their research?

Answer. The author believes researchers should become philosophers before they begin their research.  

(2) What does the author experiment with in his approach to farming?

Answer. The author experiments with growing crops in a way that is close to nature by eliminating unnecessary agricultural practices.    

(3) How does the author view modern scientific agriculture compared to his method?

Answer. The author sees modern scientific agriculture as aimless and lacking a vision that aligns with nature's laws.   

(4) What natural factors do farmers have to consider each year when growing crops?

Answer. Farmers have to consider variations in weather, insect populations, and soil conditions each year when growing crops.  

(5) What is the professor from Ehime University focusing on in his research? 

Answer. The professor from Ehime University is focusing on plant metabolism and the relationship between it and rice harvests in his research.   

(6) What does the author suggest researchers should first consider before doing their work?

Answer. The author suggests researchers should first consider the human goal and what humanity should create.  

 (7) How does the author's farming method differ from modern scientific agriculture? 

Answer. The author's farming method eliminates unnecessary practices, aiming for a natural approach. On the contrary, modern scientific agriculture focuses on isolated, specific factors. 

(8) What is the goal of the author's farming experiments? 

Answer. The goal of the author's farming experiments is to develop a method close to nature.  

(9) What is the author's criticism of modern agricultural research?

Answer. The author criticizes modern agricultural research for dividing nature into tiny pieces and producing results that are not practical for farmers.   

(10) Why do farmers have to change their farming methods from year to year?

Answer. Farmers have to change their farming methods from year to year because natural conditions like weather and soil vary.    

(11) How does the author's approach to farming account for natural variations in each growing season?

Answer. The author's approach adapts to the perpetual changes in nature, allowing farming to align with natural variations.    

(12) What is the author's view on the usefulness of scientific research in real-world farming.

Answer. The author believes that scientific research, when isolated from real-world farming, often leads to conclusions that cannot be applied with success.  

(13) What does Professor Tsuno of Ehime University study in relation to rice harvests?

Answer. Professor Tsuno of Ehime University studies the relationship between plant metabolism and rice harvests.   

(14) How does the professor gather data from the author's field? 

Answer. The professor gathers data by digging into the soil, measuring sunlight angles, and analyzing plant specimens. 

(15) What does the professor decide to focus on Instead of practical farming applications?

Answer. The professor decides to focus on research rather than applying the author's farming methods.

(16) What criticism does the author make about scientific theories in agricultural research? 

Answer. The author criticizes agricultural research for focusing too much on theory without considering real-world conditions, such as soil and weather variations. 

(17) Why does the author argue that stepping up metabolism won't always result in larger harvests?

Answer. The author argues that stepping up metabolism won't always result in larger harvests. He argues that local factors like temperature, soil quality, and weather make it impossible for metabolism theories to guarantee increased yields. 

 (18) What are some of the factors that must be considered when growing crops, according to the author? 

Answer. According to the author, there are some factors that must be considered when growing crops. These factors include geography, soil condition, sunlight exposure, insect relationships, seed variety, and cultivation methods.   

(19) What is the problem with "Improved" seed varieties in the "Good Rice Movement" and "Green Revolution"? 

Answer. "Improved" seeds in the "Good Rice Movement" and "Green Revolution" require heavy chemical use, which destroys soil health and creates dependence on external fertilizers.  

(20) How does the author suggest rehabilitating damaged fields through natural farming? 

Answer. The author suggests spreading straw, growing clover, and returning organic residues to the soil to restore its natural fertility.   

(21) What does the author think about the relationship between scientific theories and actual agricultural yields? 

Answer. The author believes scientific theories about plant metabolism don't always translate to increased yields due to varying real-world conditions.   

(22) Why does the author say scientific research falls to fully account for real farming conditions? 

Answer. Research focuses on isolated factors like temperature, but fails to consider the complex and ever-changing variables of real farming environments.  

(23) How do temperature variations impact agricultural theories about plant metabolism? 

Answer. Changes in temperature, even year to year, can impact the effectiveness of theories related to plant metabolism.  

(24) What are the geographical and environmental factors that influence crop growth, according to the text?

Answer. According to the text, crop growth is affected by factors like geography, soil texture, drainage, sunlight, insect populations, and the method of cultivation.  

(25) How does the author view the application of modern agricultural techniques such as the "Good Rice Movement"? 

Answer. The author criticizes the application of modern agricultural techniques such as the "Good Rice Movement", claiming they depend on weak seed varieties that require harmful chemicals.  

(26) What are the consequences of relying on "improved" seed varieties for farming?

Answer. The consequences of relying on "improved" seed varieties for farming are manifold. Use of improved seeds leads to heavy chemical use, which damages the soil and reduces its natural fertility.  

(27) Why does the author argue that science is used to "rescue" damaged soils rather than work with nature? 

Answer. The author argues that modern farming relies on science to fix the problems caused by the destruction of natural soil fertility.  

(28) How does the use of chemicals and insecticides affect the long-term fertility of the soil? 

Answer. The use of chemicals and insecticides affect the long-term fertility of the soil. Chemicals and insecticides destroy microorganisms and organic matter in the soil, making it dependent on artificial fertilizers.  

(29) What steps does the author recommend to restore soil damaged by cultivation and chemicals?

Answer. The author recommends natural methods like spreading straw, growing clover, and returning organic residues to restore soil damaged by cultivation and chemicals.   

(30) In what way does natural farming help maintain soil health for continuous crop production?

Answer. Natural farming helps maintain soil health by using organic matter to replenish nutrients and support continuous crop growth.

āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϰ āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা

 āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āωāϚিāϤ āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻ• āĻšāĻ“āϝ়াāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻĻাāϰ্āĻļāύিāĻ• āĻšāĻ“āϝ়া। āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āωāϚিāϤ āĻŽাāύāĻŦāϜাāϤিāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ•ী āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāύāĻŦāϜাāϤিāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āĻ•ী āϏৃāϜāύ āĻ•āϰা āωāϚিāϤ। āĻĄাāĻ•্āϤাāϰāĻĻেāϰāĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āϏ্āϤāϰে āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āωāϚিāϤ āĻŦেঁāϚে āĻĨাāĻ•াāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŽাāύুāώ āϏāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰে।  

āĻ…। āϰ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ•ৃāώিāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ— āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ়, āφāĻŽি āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āωāĻĒাāϝ়ে āĻĢāϏāϞ āĻĢāϞাāύোāϰ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āϚাāϞিāϝ়েāĻ›ি, āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤিāϘāύিāώ্āĻ  āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āύিāϝ়ে । āφāĻŽি āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻ•ৃāώি āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻāϟি āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ি।  

āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে, āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āĻ•ৃāώিāϰ āĻāχ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ•োāύো āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­āĻ™্āĻ—ি āύেāχ। āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖা āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻšীāύāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āĻ­িāϏাāϰী āĻšāϝ়ে āϝাāϝ়, āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ• āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻ• āĻļুāϧু āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āĻ…āϏীāĻŽ āϏাāϰিāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĻেāĻ–ে, āϝা āĻĢāϏāϞেāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻ•āϰে।  

āĻāĻ›াāĻĄ়াāĻ“, āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻ—ুāϞো āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻšāϝ়।  

āϜāĻŽিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āϏেāχ āϚাāϰ āĻāĻ•āϰāχ āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϤাāϰ āĻĢāϏāϞ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύāĻ­াāĻŦে āϚাāώ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়, āφāĻŦāĻšাāĻ“āϝ়া, āĻĒোāĻ•াāĻŽাāĻ•āĻĄ়েāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা, āĻŽাāϟিāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻŽāĻž্āϜāϏ্āϝ āϰেāĻ–ে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϤ্āϰ āĻ—āϤিāĻļীāϞ; āĻĒāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻুāχ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻ•āĻ–āύোāχ āĻāĻ•āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āύāϝ়।  

āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ•ে āĻ•্āώুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻ…ংāĻļে āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύা āĻ•āϰে āϝা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āϰীāϤি āĻŦা āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āύāϝ় । āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖাāϰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϰ্āĻĨে āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ āϏাāϜাāύো āĻšāϝ়, āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āύāϝ় । āĻāχ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦ āĻ•াāϜে āϏাāϰ্āĻŦāĻ•্āώāĻŖিāĻ• āϏাāĻĢāϞ্āϝ āϞাāĻ­ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ­াāĻŦা āĻŦāĻĄ় āĻ­ুāϞ ।  

āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻāĻšিāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়েāϰ āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āϏুāύো āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĻীāϰ্āϘ āĻŦāχ āϞিāĻ–েāĻ›েāύ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āϧাāύেāϰ āĻĢāϞāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āύিāϝ়ে । āĻāχ āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āχ āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰāϟি āĻĒāϰিāĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āĻ•āϰেāύ, āĻŽাāϟি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻ•āϝ়েāĻ• āĻĢুāϟ āĻ—āĻ­ীāϰে āĻ–āύāύ āĻ•āϰেāύ, āĻ›াāϤ্āϰāĻĻেāϰ āύিāϝ়ে āφāϏেāύ āϏূāϰ্āϝাāϞোāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āĻ›াāϝ়াāϰ āĻ•োāĻŖ āĻŽাāĻĒাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ, āĻāĻŦং āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻেāϰ āύāĻŽুāύা āϞ্āϝাāĻŦে āύিāϝ়ে āĻ—িāϝ়ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āφāĻŽি āϤাāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āχ āϜিāϜ্āĻžেāϏ āĻ•āϰি, “āφāĻĒāύি āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĢিāϰে āϝাāĻŦেāύ, āφāĻĒāύি āĻ•ি āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āĻŦāĻĒāύ āύা āĻ•āϰে āϚাāώেāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻ•āϰāĻŦেāύ?” āϤিāύি āĻšাāϏāϤে āĻšাāϏāϤে āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻেāύ, “āύা, āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ— āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ›েāĻĄ়ে āĻĻিāϚ্āĻ›ি। āφāĻŽি āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖাāϤেāχ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦ।”  

āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒাāϰāϟা āĻāĻŽāύāχ। āφāĻĒāύি āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻāĻŦং āĻāϟি āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŽাāϟি āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒুāώ্āϟি āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে āϤা āύিāϝ়ে āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āĻ•āϰেāύ, āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦāχ āϞেāĻ–েāύ, āĻāĻŦং āĻ•ৃāώি āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύে āĻĄāĻ•্āϟāϰেāϟ āĻĄিāĻ—্āϰি āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āϤāĻŦে āĻĢāϏāϞ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āφāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻ•ূāϞāύ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏāĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ•āϤা āφāĻ›ে āĻ•ি āύা, āϤা āϜিāϜ্āĻžাāϏা āĻ•āϰāĻŦেāύ āύা।  

āφāĻĒāύি āϝāĻĻি āĻŦুāĻিāϝ়ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ āϝে, āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ• āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে ā§Žā§Ē āĻĄিāĻ—্āϰি āĻĢাāϰেāύāĻšাāχāϟ āĻ—āĻĄ় āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্āϰাāϝ় āĻļীāϰ্āώ āĻĒাāϤাāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύāĻļীāϞāϤাāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦিāϤ āĻ•āϰে, āϤāĻŦুāĻ“ āĻāĻŽāύ āϜাāϝ়āĻ—া āφāĻ›ে āϝেāĻ–াāύে āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা ā§Žā§Ē āĻĄিāĻ—্āϰি āύāϝ়। āĻāĻŦং āϝāĻĻি āĻ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻšিāĻŽেāϤে āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা ā§Žā§Ē āĻĄিāĻ—্āϰি āĻšāϝ়, āϤāĻŦে āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāϟি āĻšāϝ়āϤো ā§­ā§Ģ āĻĄিāĻ—্āϰি āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে । āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāĻ•ে āĻŦাāĻĄ়িāϝ়ে āĻĻেāĻ“āϝ়া āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦāϞে āĻĢāϏāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏ্āϟাāϰ্āϚ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖেāϰ āĻĢāϞāύ āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦāϞে āĻ­াāĻŦা āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ­ুāϞ। āĻ­ূāĻŽিāϰ āĻ­ৌāĻ—োāϞিāĻ• āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ, āĻŽাāϟিāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা, āĻāϰ āĻ—āĻ āύ, āĻŦুāύāύ āĻāĻŦং āύিāώ্āĻ•াāĻļāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা, āϏূāϰ্āϝাāϞোāĻ•েāϰ āϏংāϏ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻļ, āĻĒোāĻ•াāĻŽাāĻ•āĻĄ়েāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•, āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻŦীāϜেāϰ āϧāϰāύ, āϚাāώাāĻŦাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻ…āϏীāĻŽ āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύাāϝ় āύিāϤে āĻšāϝ় । āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏāĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ• āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύাāϝ় āύিāϝ়ে āĻ•োāύো āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ। āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āφāĻĒāύি “āĻ—ুāĻĄ āϰাāχāϏ āĻŽুāĻ­āĻŽেāύ্āϟ” āĻāĻŦং “āĻ—্āϰিāύ āϰেāĻ­āϞ্āϝুāĻļāύ”-āĻāϰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāĻ—ুāϞো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨা āĻļুāύāĻŦেāύ। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ—ুāϞো āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ, “āωāύ্āύāϤ” āĻŦীāϜেāϰ āϧāϰāύāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰে, āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•āĻ•ে āϚাāώাāĻŦাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽৌāϏুāĻŽে āφāϟ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĻāĻļāĻŦাāϰ āϰাāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āĻ•ীāϟāύাāĻļāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়। āĻ…āϞ্āĻĒ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāχ āĻŽাāϟিāϰ āϜীāĻŦাāĻŖু āĻāĻŦং āϜৈāĻŦ āĻĒāĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒুāĻĄ়ে āĻļেāώ āĻšāϝ়ে āϝাāϝ়। āĻŽাāϟিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖāĻļāĻ•্āϤি āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻšāϝ়ে, āϝাāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āĻĢāϏāϞāĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦাāχāϰেāϰ āĻĒুāώ্āϟিāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāĻļীāϞ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে, āϝা āϰাāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ• āϏাāϰেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।  

āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় āϝে āĻ•ৃāώāĻ• āϝāĻ–āύ “āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ•” āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ— āĻ•āϰেāύ, āϤāĻ–āύ āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ āĻ­াāϞো āĻšāϝ়, āϤāĻŦে āĻāϰ āĻŽাāύে āĻāχ āύāϝ় āϝে, āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āωāϰ্āĻŦāϰāϤা āϝেāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•্āϰāĻŽেāχ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āωāĻ āĻ›ে āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āϏেāϟিāĻ•ে āωāĻĻ্āϧাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻāĻ—িāϝ়ে āφāϏāĻŦে। āĻāϰ āĻŽাāύে āĻšāϞো āωāĻĻ্āϧাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āωāϰ্āĻŦāϰāϤা āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻ—েāĻ›ে।  

āĻ–āĻĄ় āĻ›āĻĄ়িāϝ়ে, āĻ•্āϞোāĻ­াāϰ āϚাāώ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āϜৈāĻŦ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļিāώ্āϟাংāĻļ āĻŽাāϟিāϤে āĻĢিāϰিāϝ়ে āĻĻিāϝ়ে, āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āĻāĻ•āχ āĻŽাāĻ ে āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰে āϧাāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻļীāϤāĻ•াāϞীāύ āĻļāϏ্āϝ āϜāύ্āĻŽাāύোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻĒুāώ্āϟিāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰী āĻšāϝ়। āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻ•ৃāώিāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে, āϚাāώাāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻŦা āĻ•ৃāώি āϰাāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āχāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āϜāĻŽিāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒুāύāϰ্āĻŦাāϏāύ āĻ•āϰা āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

Popular Posts

āφāĻĒিāϞ āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে āĻāĻŦং āĻ•ে āĻĻাāϝ়েāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে? What is Appeal, Revision

āφāĻĒিāϞ āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে āĻāĻŦং āĻ•ে āĻĻাāϝ়েāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে?  āφāĻĒিāϞ āφāĻĻাāϞāϤেāϰ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা। āφāĻĒিāϞ āĻ“ āϰিāĻ­িāĻļāύেāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ।  āĻĢৌāϜāĻĻাāϰী āφāĻĻাāϞāϤেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻĻāύ্āĻĄ āφāĻĒিāϞāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āύāϝ়?  āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āĻŦিāϚাāϰেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āφāĻĒিāϞ।  āφāĻĒিāϞāĻ•াāϰীāϰ āĻŽূāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϞে āφāĻĒিāϞ āϚāϞāĻŦে āĻ•িāύা?  āĻ–াāϞাāϏ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻĻāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āφāĻĒিāϞ। āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ:āφāĻĒিāϞ āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে? āωāϤ্āϤāϰ: āĻĢৌāϜāĻĻাāϰি āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻŦিāϧিāϤে āφāĻĒিāϞেāϰ āϏুāύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়āύি, āϤāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϞোāϚāύাāϝ় āĻŦāϞা āϝাāϝ়: āĻ•āϞāĻ•াāϤা āĻšাāχāĻ•োāϰ্āϟ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽাāĻŽāϞাāϝ় āφāĻĒিāϞ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻŦāϞেāύ: - āύিāĻŽ্āύ āφāĻĻাāϞāϤ āĻ•āϰ্āϤৃāĻ• āĻ•োāύ āĻŽাāĻŽāϞাāϰ āϰাāϝ়েāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϏংāĻ•্āώুāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āωāĻ•্āϤ āϰাāϝ় āϏংāĻļোāϧāύী āĻŦা āĻŦাāϤিāϞেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϊāϰ্āϧ্āĻŦāϤāύ āφāĻĻাāϞāϤে āϝে āĻĻāϰāĻ–াāϏ্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āϤাāĻ•ে āφāĻĒিāϞ āĻŦāϞে। āĻ…āĻ•্āϏāĻĢোāϰ্āĻĄ āĻ…āĻ­িāϧাāύেāϰ āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী:- āύিāĻŽ্āύ āφāĻĻাāϞāϤেāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āĻŦা āϏংāĻļোāϧāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻŽাāĻŽāϞা āύিāĻŽ্āύ āφāĻĻাāϞāϤ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āωāϚ্āϚ āφāĻĻাāϞāϤে āϏ্āĻĨাāύাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻšāĻ“āϝ়াāχ āĻšāϞ āφāĻĒিāϞ। āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ: āϝিāύি āφāĻĒিāϞ āĻĻাāϝ়েāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ; āωāϤ্āϤāϰ: āĻ•োāύ āφāĻĻাāϞāϤেāϰ āϰাāϝ় āĻŦা āφāĻĻেāĻļে āϝে āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻšāϝ় āĻŦা āϝে āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āϟ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা, āϏেāχ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āφāχāύে āϏুāύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻŦিāϧাāύ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āωāϚ্āϚ āφāĻĻাāϞāϤে āφāĻĒিāϞ āĻĻাāϝ়েāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻŽেāĻŽোāϰেāύ্āĻĄাāĻŽ āĻŦা āĻĻāϰāĻ–াāϏ্āϤ āφāĻ•াāϰে āφāĻĒিāϞ āφāĻŦেāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়। āφāĻĒিāϞ āφāĻŦেāĻĻāύে...

Unit-1: Lesson-1 from HSC First Paper English For Today

Unit-1: Lesson-1 from HSC English For Today HSC English First Paper Part 1: Reading Test  The Parrot's Tale by Rabindranath Tagore  Translated by: Kaiser Haq  Once upon a time there lived a bird. It was unlettered. It sang but couldn't recite a word of scripture. It hopped and it flew but lacked all sense of manners. The King said. Such a bird is of no use. Yet it devours fruit from the forest, bringing down the profits of fruiterers in the royal market." He summoned the Minister and commanded. "Educate the bird!" The task of educating the bird fell on the King's nephews, his sisters' sons. The learned men of the court deliberated long. They pondered the reasons behind the ignorance of the creature in question. The conclusion the bird's nest made of straw and twigs could not hold much knowledge. Therefore, the first thing needed was a proper cage.The royal scholars received handsome fees and happily went home. A goldsmith set to work on a gilde...

SSC English First Paper Unit-1, Lesson-1 Mr Moti by Rahad Kabir

SSC English First Paper  Unit-1, Lesson-1 Mr. Moti by Rahad Kabir Read the passage. Then answer the questions below Ameen is seventeen when the war breaks out. One Monday, after supper, he announces he will go to war. Sonabhan shrieks in surprise. You want to leave me alone?   It won't take long. Ma, he assures her. I'll be back soon after the training. That night Sonabhan cannot sleep.   After sun-up, she opens the duck coop. The flock streams out, stretches and quacks around her for their morning meal. She takes longer than usual. She mixes water with rice husks in an earthen bowl and puts it down. They gobble it up in five minutes and head for the pond. Ameen has let out the chickens by then. He lifts his 12-week-old cockerel, Moti, and sits on the veranda. During his breakfast he doesn't strike up any conversation. Having noticed Sonabhan's puffy eyes, he knows not to mention last night's subject. He casts his glance to the aide, down at the cockerel eating ...