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HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 5 Scientific Method
Limits of the Scientific Method
Before researchers become researchers they should become philosophers. They should consider what the human goal is, what it is that humanity should create. Doctors should first determine at the fundamental level what it is that human beings depend on for life.
In applying my theories to farming. I have been experimenting in growing my crops in various ways, always with the idea of developing a method close to nature. I have done this by whittling away unnecessary agricultural practices.
Modern scientific agriculture, on the other hand has no such vision. Research wanders about aimlessly, each researcher seeing just one part of the infinite array of natural factors which affect harvest yields.
Furthermore, these natural factors change from place to place and from year to year. Even though it is the same quarter acre, the farmer must grow his crops differently each year in accordance with variations in weather, insect populations, the condition of the soil, and many other natural factors. Nature is everywhere in perpetual motion; conditions are never exactly the same in any two years.
Modern research divides nature into tiny pieces and conducts tests that conform neither with natural law nor with practical experiences. The results are arranged for the convenience of research, not according to the needs of the farmer. To think that these conclusions can be put to use with invariable success in the farmer's field is a big mistake.
Recently Professor Tsuno of Ehime University wrote a lengthy book on the relationship of plant metabolism to rice harvests. This professor often comes to my field, digs down a few feet to check the soil. brings students along to measure the angle of sunlight and shade and whatnot, and takes plant specimens back to the lab for analysis. I often ask him, "When you go back, are you going to try non-cultivation direct seeding?" He laughingly answers, "No, I'll leave the applications to you. I'm going to stick to research."
So that is how it is. You study the function of the plant's metabolism and its ability to absorb mutrients from the soll, write a book, and get a doctorate in agricultural science. But do not ask if your theory of assimilation is going to be relevant to the yield.
Even if you can explain how metabolism affects the productivity of the top leaf when the average temperature is eighty-four degrees (Fahrenheit), there are places where the temperature is not eighty-four degrees. And if the temperature is eighty-four degrees in Ehime this year, next year it may only be seventy-live degrees. To say that simply stepping up metabolism will increase starch formation and produce a large harvest is a mistake. The geography and topography of the land, the condition of the soll, its structure, texture, and drainage, exposure to sunlight, insect relationships, the variety of seed used, the method of cultivation truly an infinite variety of factors-must all be considered. A scientific testing method which takes all relevant factors into account is an impossibility.
You hear a lot of talk these days about the benefits of the "Good Rice Movement" and the "Green Revolution." Because these methods depend on weak, "improved" seed varieties, it becomes necessary for the farmer to apply chemicals and insecticides eight or ten times during the growing season. In a short time the soil is burned clean of microorganisms and organic matter. The life of the soil is destroyed and crops come to be dependent on nutrients added from the outside in the form of chemical fertilizer.
It appears that things go better when the farmer applies "scientific" techniques, but this does not mean that science must come to the rescue because the natural fertility is inherently insufficient. It means that rescue is necessary because the natural fertility has been destroyed.
By spreading straw, growing clover, and returning to the soil all organic residues, the earth comes to possess all the nutrients needed to grow rice and winter grain in the same field year after year. By natural farming, fields that have already been damaged by cultivation or the use of agricultural chemicals can be effectively rehabilitated.
Read the passage again and answer the questions:
(1) What does the author believe researchers should become before they begin their research?
Answer. The author believes researchers should become philosophers before they begin their research.
(2) What does the author experiment with in his approach to farming?
Answer. The author experiments with growing crops in a way that is close to nature by eliminating unnecessary agricultural practices.
(3) How does the author view modern scientific agriculture compared to his method?
Answer. The author sees modern scientific agriculture as aimless and lacking a vision that aligns with nature's laws.
(4) What natural factors do farmers have to consider each year when growing crops?
Answer. Farmers have to consider variations in weather, insect populations, and soil conditions each year when growing crops.
(5) What is the professor from Ehime University focusing on in his research?
Answer. The professor from Ehime University is focusing on plant metabolism and the relationship between it and rice harvests in his research.
(6) What does the author suggest researchers should first consider before doing their work?
Answer. The author suggests researchers should first consider the human goal and what humanity should create.
(7) How does the author's farming method differ from modern scientific agriculture?
Answer. The author's farming method eliminates unnecessary practices, aiming for a natural approach. On the contrary, modern scientific agriculture focuses on isolated, specific factors.
(8) What is the goal of the author's farming experiments?
Answer. The goal of the author's farming experiments is to develop a method close to nature.
(9) What is the author's criticism of modern agricultural research?
Answer. The author criticizes modern agricultural research for dividing nature into tiny pieces and producing results that are not practical for farmers.
(10) Why do farmers have to change their farming methods from year to year?
Answer. Farmers have to change their farming methods from year to year because natural conditions like weather and soil vary.
(11) How does the author's approach to farming account for natural variations in each growing season?
Answer. The author's approach adapts to the perpetual changes in nature, allowing farming to align with natural variations.
(12) What is the author's view on the usefulness of scientific research in real-world farming.
Answer. The author believes that scientific research, when isolated from real-world farming, often leads to conclusions that cannot be applied with success.
(13) What does Professor Tsuno of Ehime University study in relation to rice harvests?
Answer. Professor Tsuno of Ehime University studies the relationship between plant metabolism and rice harvests.
(14) How does the professor gather data from the author's field?
Answer. The professor gathers data by digging into the soil, measuring sunlight angles, and analyzing plant specimens.
(15) What does the professor decide to focus on Instead of practical farming applications?
Answer. The professor decides to focus on research rather than applying the author's farming methods.
(16) What criticism does the author make about scientific theories in agricultural research?
Answer. The author criticizes agricultural research for focusing too much on theory without considering real-world conditions, such as soil and weather variations.
(17) Why does the author argue that stepping up metabolism won't always result in larger harvests?
Answer. The author argues that stepping up metabolism won't always result in larger harvests. He argues that local factors like temperature, soil quality, and weather make it impossible for metabolism theories to guarantee increased yields.
(18) What are some of the factors that must be considered when growing crops, according to the author?
Answer. According to the author, there are some factors that must be considered when growing crops. These factors include geography, soil condition, sunlight exposure, insect relationships, seed variety, and cultivation methods.
(19) What is the problem with "Improved" seed varieties in the "Good Rice Movement" and "Green Revolution"?
Answer. "Improved" seeds in the "Good Rice Movement" and "Green Revolution" require heavy chemical use, which destroys soil health and creates dependence on external fertilizers.
(20) How does the author suggest rehabilitating damaged fields through natural farming?
Answer. The author suggests spreading straw, growing clover, and returning organic residues to the soil to restore its natural fertility.
(21) What does the author think about the relationship between scientific theories and actual agricultural yields?
Answer. The author believes scientific theories about plant metabolism don't always translate to increased yields due to varying real-world conditions.
(22) Why does the author say scientific research falls to fully account for real farming conditions?
Answer. Research focuses on isolated factors like temperature, but fails to consider the complex and ever-changing variables of real farming environments.
(23) How do temperature variations impact agricultural theories about plant metabolism?
Answer. Changes in temperature, even year to year, can impact the effectiveness of theories related to plant metabolism.
(24) What are the geographical and environmental factors that influence crop growth, according to the text?
Answer. According to the text, crop growth is affected by factors like geography, soil texture, drainage, sunlight, insect populations, and the method of cultivation.
(25) How does the author view the application of modern agricultural techniques such as the "Good Rice Movement"?
Answer. The author criticizes the application of modern agricultural techniques such as the "Good Rice Movement", claiming they depend on weak seed varieties that require harmful chemicals.
(26) What are the consequences of relying on "improved" seed varieties for farming?
Answer. The consequences of relying on "improved" seed varieties for farming are manifold. Use of improved seeds leads to heavy chemical use, which damages the soil and reduces its natural fertility.
(27) Why does the author argue that science is used to "rescue" damaged soils rather than work with nature?
Answer. The author argues that modern farming relies on science to fix the problems caused by the destruction of natural soil fertility.
(28) How does the use of chemicals and insecticides affect the long-term fertility of the soil?
Answer. The use of chemicals and insecticides affect the long-term fertility of the soil. Chemicals and insecticides destroy microorganisms and organic matter in the soil, making it dependent on artificial fertilizers.
(29) What steps does the author recommend to restore soil damaged by cultivation and chemicals?
Answer. The author recommends natural methods like spreading straw, growing clover, and returning organic residues to restore soil damaged by cultivation and chemicals.
(30) In what way does natural farming help maintain soil health for continuous crop production?
Answer. Natural farming helps maintain soil health by using organic matter to replenish nutrients and support continuous crop growth.
āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϰ āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা
āĻāĻŦেāώāĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻিāϤ āĻāĻŦেāώāĻ āĻšāĻāϝ়াāϰ āĻāĻে āĻĻাāϰ্āĻļāύিāĻ āĻšāĻāϝ়া। āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻāύা āĻāϰা āĻāĻিāϤ āĻŽাāύāĻŦāĻাāϤিāϰ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻী āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāύāĻŦāĻাāϤিāϰ āĻĒāĻ্āώে āĻী āϏৃāĻāύ āĻāϰা āĻāĻিāϤ। āĻĄাāĻ্āϤাāϰāĻĻেāϰāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻāĻāĻি āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ āϏ্āϤāϰে āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰা āĻāĻিāϤ āĻŦেঁāĻে āĻĨাāĻাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŽাāύুāώ āϏāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻāϰ āĻāϰে।
āĻ । āϰ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦāĻুāϞো āĻৃāώিāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ āĻāϰাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ়, āĻāĻŽি āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻāĻĒাāϝ়ে āĻĢāϏāϞ āĻĢāϞাāύোāϰ āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώা āĻাāϞিāϝ়েāĻি, āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻĻা āĻĒ্āϰāĻৃāϤিāĻāύিāώ্āĻ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻŦিāĻাāĻļেāϰ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āύিāϝ়ে । āĻāĻŽি āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻāύীāϝ় āĻৃāώি āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻুāϞো āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻāĻি āĻāϰেāĻি।
āĻ āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻে, āĻāϧুāύিāĻ āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻৃāώিāϰ āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻোāύো āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻāĻ্āĻি āύেāĻ। āĻāĻŦেāώāĻŖা āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝāĻšীāύāĻাāĻŦে āĻ āĻিāϏাāϰী āĻšāϝ়ে āϝাāϝ়, āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ āĻāĻŦেāώāĻ āĻļুāϧু āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻুāϞিāϰ āĻ āϏীāĻŽ āϏাāϰিāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āĻ ংāĻļ āĻĻেāĻে, āϝা āĻĢāϏāϞেāϰ āĻā§āĻĒাāĻĻāύāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦিāϤ āĻāϰে।
āĻāĻাāĻĄ়াāĻ, āĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻুāϞো āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻĨেāĻে āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĨেāĻে āĻŦāĻāϰে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
āĻāĻŽিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āϏেāĻ āĻাāϰ āĻāĻāϰāĻ āĻĨাāĻে, āĻৃāώāĻāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦāĻāϰ āϤাāϰ āĻĢāϏāϞ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύāĻাāĻŦে āĻাāώ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŦāĻšাāĻāϝ়া, āĻĒোāĻাāĻŽাāĻāĻĄ়েāϰ āϏংāĻ্āϝা, āĻŽাāĻিāϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻāĻŦং āĻ āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻুāϞিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻŽāĻ্āĻāϏ্āϝ āϰেāĻে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻৃāϤি āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϤ্āϰ āĻāϤিāĻļীāϞ; āĻĒāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻুāĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻāĻāύোāĻ āĻāĻāϰāĻāĻŽ āύāϝ়।
āĻāϧুāύিāĻ āĻāĻŦেāώāĻŖা āĻĒ্āϰāĻৃāϤিāĻে āĻ্āώুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻ ংāĻļে āĻŦিāĻāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώা āĻĒāϰিāĻাāϞāύা āĻāϰে āϝা āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āϰীāϤি āĻŦা āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦ āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻāϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāĻ্āĻāϤিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āύāϝ় । āĻāĻŦেāώāĻŖাāϰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϰ্āĻĨে āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ āϏাāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়, āĻৃāώāĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻāύ āĻ āύুāϝাāϝ়ী āύāϝ় । āĻāĻ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤāĻুāϞো āĻৃāώāĻেāϰ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦ āĻাāĻে āϏাāϰ্āĻŦāĻ্āώāĻŖিāĻ āϏাāĻĢāϞ্āϝ āϞাāĻ āĻāϰāĻŦে āĻāĻŽāύ āĻাāĻŦা āĻŦāĻĄ় āĻুāϞ ।
āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻāĻšিāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়েāϰ āĻ āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āϏুāύো āĻāĻāĻি āĻĻীāϰ্āĻ āĻŦāĻ āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ āĻāĻĻ্āĻিāĻĻ āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ āĻāĻŦং āϧাāύেāϰ āĻĢāϞāύেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ āύিāϝ়ে । āĻāĻ āĻ āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āĻ āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰāĻি āĻĒāϰিāĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āĻāϰেāύ, āĻŽাāĻি āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώা āĻāϰāϤে āĻāϝ়েāĻ āĻĢুāĻ āĻāĻীāϰে āĻāύāύ āĻāϰেāύ, āĻাāϤ্āϰāĻĻেāϰ āύিāϝ়ে āĻāϏেāύ āϏূāϰ্āϝাāϞোāĻ āĻāĻŦং āĻাāϝ়াāϰ āĻোāĻŖ āĻŽাāĻĒাāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻĻ্āĻিāĻĻেāϰ āύāĻŽুāύা āϞ্āϝাāĻŦে āύিāϝ়ে āĻিāϝ়ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻāϰেāύ। āĻāĻŽি āϤাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ়āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻেāϏ āĻāϰি, “āĻāĻĒāύি āϝāĻāύ āĻĢিāϰে āϝাāĻŦেāύ, āĻāĻĒāύি āĻি āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āĻŦāĻĒāύ āύা āĻāϰে āĻাāώেāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώা āĻāϰāĻŦেāύ?” āϤিāύি āĻšাāϏāϤে āĻšাāϏāϤে āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĻেāύ, “āύা, āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ āĻāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻেāĻĄ়ে āĻĻিāĻ্āĻি। āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻŦেāώāĻŖাāϤেāĻ āĻĨাāĻāĻŦ।”
āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒাāϰāĻা āĻāĻŽāύāĻ। āĻāĻĒāύি āĻāĻĻ্āĻিāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ্āϰিāϝ়া āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻি āĻীāĻাāĻŦে āĻŽাāĻি āĻĨেāĻে āĻĒুāώ্āĻি āĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰে āϤা āύিāϝ়ে āĻ āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āĻāϰেāύ, āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦāĻ āϞেāĻেāύ, āĻāĻŦং āĻৃāώি āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύে āĻĄāĻ্āĻāϰেāĻ āĻĄিāĻ্āϰি āĻ āϰ্āĻāύ āĻāϰেāύ। āϤāĻŦে āĻĢāϏāϞ āĻā§āĻĒাāĻĻāύেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻĒāύাāϰ āĻ āύুāĻূāϞāύ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏāĻ্āĻিāĻāϤা āĻāĻে āĻি āύা, āϤা āĻিāĻ্āĻাāϏা āĻāϰāĻŦেāύ āύা।
āĻāĻĒāύি āϝāĻĻি āĻŦুāĻিāϝ়ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ āϝে, āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ āĻীāĻাāĻŦে ā§Žā§Ē āĻĄিāĻ্āϰি āĻĢাāϰেāύāĻšাāĻāĻ āĻāĻĄ় āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্āϰাāϝ় āĻļীāϰ্āώ āĻĒাāϤাāϰ āĻā§āĻĒাāĻĻāύāĻļীāϞāϤাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦিāϤ āĻāϰে, āϤāĻŦুāĻ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻাāϝ়āĻা āĻāĻে āϝেāĻাāύে āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা ā§Žā§Ē āĻĄিāĻ্āϰি āύāϝ়। āĻāĻŦং āϝāĻĻি āĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻāĻšিāĻŽেāϤে āϤাāĻĒāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা ā§Žā§Ē āĻĄিāĻ্āϰি āĻšāϝ়, āϤāĻŦে āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻāĻি āĻšāϝ়āϤো ā§ā§Ģ āĻĄিāĻ্āϰি āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে । āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ্āϰিāϝ়াāĻে āĻŦাāĻĄ়িāϝ়ে āĻĻেāĻāϝ়া āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦāϞে āĻĢāϏāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏ্āĻাāϰ্āĻ āĻāĻ āύ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖেāϰ āĻĢāϞāύ āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦāϞে āĻাāĻŦা āĻāĻāĻি āĻুāϞ। āĻূāĻŽিāϰ āĻৌāĻোāϞিāĻ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ, āĻŽাāĻিāϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা, āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āύ, āĻŦুāύāύ āĻāĻŦং āύিāώ্āĻাāĻļāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা, āϏূāϰ্āϝাāϞোāĻেāϰ āϏংāϏ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻļ, āĻĒোāĻাāĻŽাāĻāĻĄ়েāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ, āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻŦীāĻেāϰ āϧāϰāύ, āĻাāώাāĻŦাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻ āϏীāĻŽ āϏংāĻ্āϝāĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻāύাāϝ় āύিāϤে āĻšāϝ় । āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏāĻ্āĻিāĻ āĻāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāĻে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻāύাāϝ় āύিāϝ়ে āĻোāύো āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώাāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻĒāϰিāĻাāϞāύা āĻāϰা āĻাāϰ্āϝāϤ āĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻāĻŦ। āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ে āĻāĻĒāύি “āĻুāĻĄ āϰাāĻāϏ āĻŽুāĻāĻŽেāύ্āĻ” āĻāĻŦং “āĻ্āϰিāύ āϰেāĻāϞ্āϝুāĻļāύ”-āĻāϰ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāĻুāϞো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻ āύেāĻ āĻāĻĨা āĻļুāύāĻŦেāύ। āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻুāϞো āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ, “āĻāύ্āύāϤ” āĻŦীāĻেāϰ āϧāϰāύāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻāϰ āĻāϰে, āĻৃāώāĻāĻে āĻাāώাāĻŦাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽৌāϏুāĻŽে āĻāĻ āĻĨেāĻে āĻĻāĻļāĻŦাāϰ āϰাāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ āĻāĻŦং āĻীāĻāύাāĻļāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ āĻāϰāϤে āĻšāϝ়। āĻ āϞ্āĻĒ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāĻ āĻŽাāĻিāϰ āĻীāĻŦাāĻŖু āĻāĻŦং āĻৈāĻŦ āĻĒāĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒুāĻĄ়ে āĻļেāώ āĻšāϝ়ে āϝাāϝ়। āĻŽাāĻিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖāĻļāĻ্āϤি āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻšāϝ়ে, āϝাāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āĻĢāϏāϞāĻুāϞো āĻŦাāĻāϰেāϰ āĻĒুāώ্āĻিāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻāϰāĻļীāϞ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে, āϝা āϰাāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ āϏাāϰেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϝোāĻ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়।
āĻĻেāĻা āϝাāϝ় āϝে āĻৃāώāĻ āϝāĻāύ “āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ” āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻ āĻāϰেāύ, āϤāĻāύ āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ āĻাāϞো āĻšāϝ়, āϤāĻŦে āĻāϰ āĻŽাāύে āĻāĻ āύāϝ় āϝে, āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻāϰ্āĻŦāϰāϤা āϝেāĻাāĻŦে āĻ্āϰāĻŽেāĻ āĻ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻāĻ āĻে āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ āϏেāĻিāĻে āĻāĻĻ্āϧাāϰ āĻāϰāϤে āĻāĻিāϝ়ে āĻāϏāĻŦে। āĻāϰ āĻŽাāύে āĻšāϞো āĻāĻĻ্āϧাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻāύ āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻāϰ্āĻŦāϰāϤা āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻেāĻে।
āĻāĻĄ় āĻāĻĄ়িāϝ়ে, āĻ্āϞোāĻাāϰ āĻাāώ āĻāϰে āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻৈāĻŦ āĻ āĻŦāĻļিāώ্āĻাংāĻļ āĻŽাāĻিāϤে āĻĢিāϰিāϝ়ে āĻĻিāϝ়ে, āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āĻāĻāĻ āĻŽাāĻ ে āĻŦāĻāϰেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻāϰ āϧāϰে āϧাāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻļীāϤāĻাāϞীāύ āĻļāϏ্āϝ āĻāύ্āĻŽাāύোāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāĻāύীāϝ় āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻĒুāώ্āĻিāϰ āĻ āϧিāĻাāϰী āĻšāϝ়। āĻĒ্āϰাāĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻৃāώিāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে, āĻাāώাāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻŦা āĻৃāώি āϰাāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ্āώāϤিāĻ্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻāĻŽিāĻুāϞোāĻে āĻাāϰ্āϝāĻāϰāĻাāĻŦে āĻĒুāύāϰ্āĻŦাāϏāύ āĻāϰা āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।